Basketball
(commonly nicknamed "B-ball" or "hoops") is a team sport in
which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting"
a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules.
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.
A
regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet
high mounted to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball
through the hoop during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the
shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the hoop than the three-point
line, and three points (a "3 pointer") if the player is
"outside" the three-point line. The team with more points at the end
of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game
ends with a tie. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while
walking or running (dribbling) or passing it to a teammate. It is a violation (traveling)
to walk with the ball, carry it, or to double dribble (to hold the ball and
then resume dribbling).
Various
violations are generally called "fouls". Disruptive physical contact
(a personal foul) is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an
offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may
also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike
conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing
team a free throw.
Basketball
has evolved many commonly used techniques of shooting, passing, and dribbling,
as w ell as specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures
(player positioning) and techniques. Typically, the tallest members of a team
will play "center", "small forward", or "power forward"
positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling
skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
While competitive
basketball is carefully regulated, numerous variations of basketball have
developed for casual play. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport
played on carefully marked and maintained basketball courts, but less regulated
variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and rural areas.
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